Global Warming

Because of global warming, mushrooms in the Great Britain now can be collected all year long, informs magazine “Nature” referring to researchers, leaders of supervision in this area .

As the scientists have announce, in the last autumn the mushroom season in the Great Britain proceeded twice longer, than in the fiftieth years. Now its duration reaches 75 days. The gather of mushrooms can be start collected earlier, and to finish gathering gifts of the nature – later.

Some kinds of mushrooms began to appear not only on autumn, but also during the spring period.

Increase of mid-annual temperatures on the British islands has already led to that many birds start to nest earlier, and flowers –begin to bloom earlier, but such radical change, in life cycle of kinds , as occurrence of the additional period of “fructification”, is registered for the first time.

In particular, in the spring in the Great Britain now it is possible to collect mushrooms such as a Fairy Ring Mushroom (Marasmius oreades), Sulphur tuft (Hypholoma fasciculare) and a number of others .

In opinion of naturalists, now it is possible to expect occurrence of mushrooms at any time of a year.

At coast of Caspian sea in Kazakhstan since April, 2007 already died 363 seals (Phoca caspica). On preliminary data of the Ministry of Emergency Measures of Kazakhstan, the reason of destruction of animals became adverse weather conditions.

On preliminary data of the Ministry of Emergency Measures of Kazakhstan, till February, 20th of current year , the most part of Northeast Caspian sea has not been covered by an ice that could be reflected negatively in a population of seals (Phoca caspica ) during time when they have puppies. Since February, 21st - 22nd in connection with approach of frosts, the ice has covered all northern part of the sea, however because of warm weather by March, 20th it has completely thaws, and it could affect a condition of an population growth rate adversely.

As minister of preservation of the environment of Kazakhstan Nurlan Iskakov has declared, the exact reasons of destruction of animals are establishing by the special interdepartmental commission and on it can standing about two weeks. Preliminary researches of internal body parts of dead seals have not revealed the raised maintenance of heavy metals particles and presence of pesticides, also in sea water it was not revealed mineral oils in area of a mass die-off animals.

Minister of preservation of the environment has already disposed to cancel accommodation of any waste at any kinds of drilling on a shelf of Caspian sea. Now, as he said, on a shelf of Caspian sea operates “the principle of zero dump”.

As is known, at Karazhambas and Kalamkas - large oil deposits at coast of Caspian sea in the West of Kazakhstan, intensive oil extracting is conducted already more than 25 years.

In 2000 at the Caspian coast in Mangistausk area was lost about 10,5 thousand seals. Then the reason of their destruction have named a chronic toxicosis. In several years ,by biological features, in an organism of animals collected offshore oil toxins and agricultural pesticides, as has led to intensively decrease in immunity at seals and to their susceptibility to infectious diseases.

Scientists have made the long-term forecast of climate global warming consequences, one of which is increase in risk of disappearance 1/3 of plants and animals kinds.

” Approximately, 20-30 % of plants and animals kinds, with high probability, will appear in conditions of increasing risk of disappearance, if the average global temperature will raise 1,5 - 2,5 degrees on Celsius “, — has declared by Jury Israel , director of Institute of a global climate and ecology of Federal Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Service and the Russian Academy of Science,.

He has noted, that the given conclusion is made in the fourth estimated report of the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC),which vice-chairman he is.

J. Israel has added, that increase of risk of disappearance 1/3 of plants and animals kinds ,will start probably already in XXI century, however, him as the scientist, doubts of correctness of this conclusion.

Besides this, in report, as he said, it is spoken also about threat of increase of a water level at global ocean on 4-6 meters , in way of gradual thawing glaciers of Greenland and the Western Antarctica, and consequence of it- is flooding coastal territories where live millions people.

As a result, the strongest influence of flooding will be shown in mega-deltas of the rivers of Asia and Africa. Therefore ,small islands can become especially vulnerable. Intensity of thawing of glaciers, as he said, can occur in case the temperature will raise approximately on three degrees on Celsius, however on it will pass thousand years.

” In report is spoken ,concerning the Western Antarctica and Greenland, that problem can occur only in some future centuries or even millennia, i.e. such acuteness catastrophe is removed “, — has noted by J. Israel.

In benefit of Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC), Sergey Semenov ,coordinating and leading author of report IPCC, the employee of Institute of a global climate and ecology, has informed, that according to some scenarios of global warming influence on a climate, in XXI century will gradually increase the quantity of sediments in those regions ,where them already is a lot of (in the majority of continental regions), and will decrease there where it is not enough of them. That will lead to increase in quantity of droughts ,that will adversely effect an agriculture. Activity of intensive tropical cyclones will increase also. Besides this, global warming of a climate in XXI century and further, according to experts, will lead also to demographic expansion of prevalence of infectious diseases.

According to the report, to influence of a varying climate will be especially vulnerable - Arctic regions, Africa, region of Sahara, small islands, the Asian mega-deltas.

In the south of the Europe the increase in temperature and strengthening of droughts will worsen position with water resources, will reduce opportunities of production of the hydroelectric power, will worsen conditions for summer tourism, will reduce production of plant growing, and the risk for health of people will increase owing to waves of heat.

In Central and the East Europe reduction of years sedimentation will reduce water resources, the increase in frequency of fires at turfs is possible also. Thus in the report it is emphasized, that influence of change of a climate will be various in different regions.