The heat in Europe or frost in Africa, snowfalls in India - all is today explained by global warming. In the last 100 years the average temperature of air on the earth’s surface in fact increased from 0.3 to 0.7 degrees on Celsius scale. Last two decades actually proved to be warmest since the beginning of the instrument meteorological observations in 1860’s. In East Siberia and Arctic regions, for example, is three degrees warmer than at the beginning of century.
It is assumed that the global warming will go and hence, since its reason is seen in an increase in the concentration of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, oxide of nitrogen and whole series of chloride-containing substances. All of them, similar to the cover above the greenhouse garden or glass in the winter garden, pass sun rays, but they absorb the thermal radiation of the Earth. The main and basic share in the greenhouse effect makes water vapor. However the reason of strengthening of a greenhouse effect began to match with growth of the production of the carbon dioxide by mankind, which makes only 4 % of greenhouse gases.
Specifically, therefore a whole series of prominent scientists emphasize that the atmospheric content of carbon dioxide grows because of the global warming, but not vice versa. If the temperature of ocean rises at least to one degree, then this leads to the liberation of the gigantic reserves of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in the process of evaporating the water: in the surface layer of oceans it is dissolved 57-60 times more of carbon dioxide than in the atmosphere.
Although the connection between global warming and increase of concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is in no way proven, by the officials of the European Union has been offered the Kyoto protocol. Its participants have incurred the obligation to reduce emissions of carbonic gas on 5 % - in comparison with 1990, by 2012. This is insignificant low value , because rate of the carbon dioxide in air it is very low – only 0.037 %. Itself carbon dioxide is inoffensive. On the contrary, it is necessary to all plants, the main absorbers of greenhouse gases. If carbon dioxide will cease to enter the atmosphere, plants will exhaust its reserve in only 8-11 years. After this, entire living will end its existence.
Connection with the Kyoto protocol opens an opportunity to sell (to other countries) the quotas for the right to throw out carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. But if the power system engineering and the industry will achieve a problematical level, and it is possible for couple of years, then any European country, because of the introduced quotas of the ejections of carbon dioxide , will get in rigid frameworks of the foreign ecological control. Instead to build roads and houses, it is necessary to purchase the expensive European equipment, which prevents the emissions of carbon dioxide and to pay penalties to the European officials. However, the main focus of the Kyoto protocol consists that, according to the forecasts of western experts, even irrespectively increase in the economy Russia, in the case of global warming, will become the colossal supplier of carbon dioxide. First of all - because of Russia position in the center of the largest continent on the Earth. It is expected that with the warming the fires in Russian taiga will become frequent. With them significant amounts of carbonic acid too will start to be active. Through the warming up Siberian permafrost from “the depository” of carbon will become the colossal source of the separation of carbon dioxide. Melting of frozen ground will begin not only on top, but also from below. And there, in the form of ice crystals, the world’s largest deposits of carbon-containing gas hydrates there are positioned. Even if they begin to melt, then, rising to the surface, they will immediately pass from solid phase to gaseous, separating into the atmosphere the enormous volumes of methane and carbon dioxide.
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